From Portrait of Anne of Austria by Pieter Pauwel Rubens (1621-25)

Aversion Therapy

"Aversion therapy is a form of psychiatric, mental health or psychological treatment in which the patient is exposed to a stimulus while simultaneously being subjected to some form of discomfort. This conditioning is intended to cause the patient to associate the stimulus with unpleasant sensations in order to stop the specific behavior.

Aversion therapies can take many forms, for example: placing unpleasant-tasting substances on the fingernails to discourage nail-chewing; pairing the use of an emetic with the experience of alcohol; or pairing behavior with electric shocks of various intensities."

Taken from Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aversion_therapy)

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